892 research outputs found
Modelling and computer simulation of an insurance policy: A search for maximum profit
We have developed a model for a life insurance policy. In this model the net
gain is calculated by computer simulation for a particular type of lifetime
distribution function. We observed that the net gain becomes maximum for a
particular value of upper age of last premium. This paper is dedicated to
Professor Dietrich Stauffer on the occassion of his 60-th birthday.Comment: This paper is dedicated to Prof. D. Stauffer on the occassion of his
60th birthday. Int. J. Mod. Phys. C (2003) (in press
Matrix Model of QCD: Edge Localized Glue Balls and Phase Transitions
In a matrix model of pure Yang-Mills theory, boundaries emerge in the
space of and the Hamiltonian requires boundary
conditions. We show the existence of edge localized glueball states which can
have negative energies. These edge levels can be lifted to positive energies if
the gluons acquire a London-like mass. This suggests a new phase of QCD with an
incompressible bulk.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, minor reviso
Effective grain surface area in the formation of molecular hydrogen in interstellar clouds
In the interstellar clouds, molecular hydrogens are formed from atomic
hydrogen on grain surfaces. An atomic hydrogen hops around till it finds
another one with which it combines. This necessarily implies that the average
recombination time, or equivalently, the effective grain surface area depends
on the relative numbers of atomic hydrogen influx rate and the number of sites
on the grain. Our aim is to discover this dependency. We perform a numerical
simulation to study the recombination of hydrogen on grain surfaces in a
variety of cloud conditions. We use a square lattice (with a periodic boundary
condition) of various sizes on two types of grains, namely, amorphous carbon
and olivine. We find that the steady state results of our simulation match very
well with those obtained from a simpler analytical consideration provided the
`effective' grain surface area is written as , where, is
the actual physical grain area and is a function of the flux of atomic
hydrogen which is determined from our simulation. We carry out the simulation
for various astrophysically relevant accretion rates. For high accretion rates,
small grains tend to become partly saturated with and and the
subsequent accretion will be partly inhibited. For very low accretion rates,
the number of sites to be swept before a molecular hydrogen can form is too
large compared to the actual number of sites on the grain, implying that
is greater than unity.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures in eps forma
Large-Signal Simulation of 94 GHz Pulsed Silicon DDR IMPATTs Including the Temperature Transient Effect
In this paper large-signal modeling and simulation has been carried to study the frequency chirping due to temperature transients and the large-signal power and efficiency of pulsed silicon Double-Drift Region (DDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) device operating at 94 GHz. A large-signal simulation method based on non-sinusoidal voltage excitation incorporating the transient thermal effect has been developed by the authors. Results show that the device is capable of delivering a peak pulsed power output of 17.5 W with 12.8% efficiency when the voltage modulation is 60%. The maximum junction temperature rise is 350.2 K for a peak pulsed bias current of 6.79 A with 100 ns pulsewidth and 0.5 percent duty cycle; whereas the chirp bandwidth is 8.3 GHz
Dynamic Magnetization-Reversal Transition in the Ising Model
We report the results of mean field and the Monte Carlo study of the dynamic
magnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model, brought about by the
application of an external field pulse applied in opposition to the existing
order before the application of the pulse. The transition occurs at a
temperature T below the static critical temperature T_c without any external
field. The transition occurs when the system, perturbed by the external field
pulse competing with the existing order, jumps from one minimum of free energy
to the other after the withdrawal of the pulse. The parameters controlling the
transition are the strength h_p and the duration Delta t of the pulse. In the
mean field case, approximate analytical expression is obtained for the phase
boundary which agrees well with that obtained numerically in the small Delta t
and large T limit. The order parameter of the transition has been identified
and is observed to vary continuously near the transition. The order parameter
exponent beta was estimated both for the mean field (beta =1) and the Monte
Carlo beta = 0.90 \pm 0.02 in two dimension) cases. The transition shows a
"critical slowing-down" type behaviour near the phase boundary with diverging
relaxation time. The divergence was found to be logarithmic in the mean field
case and exponential in the Monte Carlo case. The finite size scaling technique
was employed to estimate the correlation length exponent nu (= 1.5 \pm 0.3 in
two dimension) in the Monte Carlo case.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 8 figure
Fluctuation Cumulant Behavior for the Field-Pulse Induced Magnetisation-Reversal Transition in Ising Models
The universality class of the dynamic magnetisation-reversal transition,
induced by a competing field pulse, in an Ising model on a square lattice,
below its static ordering temperature, is studied here using Monte Carlo
simulations. Fourth order cumulant of the order parameter distribution is
studied for different system sizes around the phase boundary region. The
crossing point of the cumulant (for different system sizes) gives the
transition point and the value of the cumulant at the transition point
indicates the universality class of the transition. The cumulant value at the
crossing point for low temperature and pulse width range is observed to be
significantly less than that for the static transition in the same
two-dimensional Ising model. The finite size scaling behaviour in this range
also indicates a higher correlation length exponent value. For higher
temperature and pulse width range, the transition seems to fall in a mean-field
like universality class.Comment: 5 pages, 8 eps figures, thoroughly revised manuscript with new
figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. E (2003
Dynamic Phase Transition in a Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Model in an Oscillating Field
The Ginzburg-Landau model below its critical temperature in a temporally
oscillating external field is studied both theoretically and numerically. As
the frequency or the amplitude of the external force is changed, a
nonequilibrium phase transition is observed. This transition separates
spatially uniform, symmetry-restoring oscillations from symmetry-breaking
oscillations. Near the transition a perturbation theory is developed, and a
switching phenomenon is found in the symmetry-broken phase. Our results confirm
the equivalence of the present transition to that found in Monte Carlo
simulations of kinetic Ising systems in oscillating fields, demonstrating that
the nonequilibrium phase transition in both cases belongs to the universality
class of the equilibrium Ising model in zero field. This conclusion is in
agreement with symmetry arguments [G. Grinstein, C. Jayaprakash, and Y. He,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2527 (1985)] and recent numerical results [G. Korniss,
C.J. White, P. A. Rikvold, and M. A. Novotny, Phys. Rev. E (submitted)].
Furthermore, a theoretical result for the structure function of the local
magnetization with thermal noise, based on the Ornstein-Zernike approximation,
agrees well with numerical results in one dimension.Comment: 16 pp. RevTex, 9 embedded ps figure
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